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VOLUME XXI
September 14, 2023
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June 6, 2022
Ports get ‘much needed respite’ as container-ship traffic jam eases
Ship queues down off Southern California, Virginia and Charleston
Greg Miller Follow on Twitter Wednesday, June 1, 2022 3 minutes read
Listen to this article 0:00 / 4:11 BeyondWords
It could be the relative calm before the peak-season, post-Shanghai-lockdown storm. Or it could be the final unwinding of COVID-era congestion as inflation takes hold. What happens next is still highly uncertain. But as of now, U.S. port queue numbers remain down from highs.
“This appears to be a much needed respite for some ports that have seen significant delays over the course of the year to date,” said S&P Global Commodity Insights.
“Congestion is easing in [some] areas,” said Flexport. It advised importers to “take advantage of currently available space.”
There were only 25 container ships waiting to berth in the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach on Friday, according to data from the Marine Exchange of Southern California. That’s the lowest tally since July 28, 2021. As of Wednesday, there were 28 ships waiting. Current numbers are far below the all-time high of 109 ships waiting on Jan. 9.
The reduction in the Los Angeles/Long Beach ship queue is partially due to cargo being redirected to East Coast ports. Yet even East Coast ports are down from peaks.
In late February, ship-position data from MarineTraffic showed 70 container ships waiting offshore of East and Gulf Coast ports. By mid-May, the count had fallen to 45.
As of Wednesday, it had climbed back up to 58. Traffic jams off Virginia and Charleston, South Carolina, are down. The biggest queues now are off New York/New Jersey — 17 container ships — and Savannah, Georgia, where 25 vessels are waiting. Savannah’s numbers are the main driver of the recent East Coast uptick in recent days; Hapag-Lloyd reported only seven ships at anchor there on Friday.
A temporary reprieve?
Inbound arrivals could soon increase, according to Sea-Intelligence. If so, port congestion improvements are temporary.
Sea-Intelligence said that offered trans-Pacific capacity jumped 21% from 535,200 twenty-foot equivalent units for departures in the week of May 15-21 to 646,500 TEUs this week.
Ships departing overseas ports this week will arrive by the end of June. Last year, the queue numbers in Los Angeles/Long Beach fell through the third week of June, then reversed, heading back up thereafter.
Asia-West Coast freight rates appear to have stabilized at high levels, at least temporarily, after significant recent declines. The Drewry Shanghai-Los Angeles assessment was at $8,720 per forty-foot equivalent unit last week. The Freightos Baltic Daily Index (FBX) assessment for that route (which includes premiums) was at $10,762 per FEU as of Tuesday.
Freight futures traded against the FBX show expectations for rebounding rates.
Peter Stallion of brokerage Freight Investor Services wrote in a market update on Wednesday: “Trans-Pacific westbound has seen a severe erosion of freight rates. [But] forward market sentiment, rather than carrying down any further significant price decreases, has flattened out the curve.”
The calendar-year 2023 futures contract for Asia-West Coast is now trading above the current price, at $11,500 per FEU. That contract price “held steady through the month [of May],” said Stallion.
“This is a drastic change since the start of the year, and indeed through most of 2021,” when current prices were at a premium to forward contract prices.
June 6, 2022
Ports get ‘much needed respite’ as container-ship traffic jam eases
Ship queues down off Southern California, Virginia and Charleston
Greg Miller Follow on Twitter Wednesday, June 1, 2022 3 minutes read
Listen to this article 0:00 / 4:11 BeyondWords
It could be the relative calm before the peak-season, post-Shanghai-lockdown storm. Or it could be the final unwinding of COVID-era congestion as inflation takes hold. What happens next is still highly uncertain. But as of now, U.S. port queue numbers remain down from highs.
“This appears to be a much needed respite for some ports that have seen significant delays over the course of the year to date,” said S&P Global Commodity Insights.
“Congestion is easing in [some] areas,” said Flexport. It advised importers to “take advantage of currently available space.”
There were only 25 container ships waiting to berth in the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach on Friday, according to data from the Marine Exchange of Southern California. That’s the lowest tally since July 28, 2021. As of Wednesday, there were 28 ships waiting. Current numbers are far below the all-time high of 109 ships waiting on Jan. 9.
The reduction in the Los Angeles/Long Beach ship queue is partially due to cargo being redirected to East Coast ports. Yet even East Coast ports are down from peaks.
In late February, ship-position data from MarineTraffic showed 70 container ships waiting offshore of East and Gulf Coast ports. By mid-May, the count had fallen to 45.
As of Wednesday, it had climbed back up to 58. Traffic jams off Virginia and Charleston, South Carolina, are down. The biggest queues now are off New York/New Jersey — 17 container ships — and Savannah, Georgia, where 25 vessels are waiting. Savannah’s numbers are the main driver of the recent East Coast uptick in recent days; Hapag-Lloyd reported only seven ships at anchor there on Friday.
A temporary reprieve?
Inbound arrivals could soon increase, according to Sea-Intelligence. If so, port congestion improvements are temporary.
Sea-Intelligence said that offered trans-Pacific capacity jumped 21% from 535,200 twenty-foot equivalent units for departures in the week of May 15-21 to 646,500 TEUs this week.
Ships departing overseas ports this week will arrive by the end of June. Last year, the queue numbers in Los Angeles/Long Beach fell through the third week of June, then reversed, heading back up thereafter.
Asia-West Coast freight rates appear to have stabilized at high levels, at least temporarily, after significant recent declines. The Drewry Shanghai-Los Angeles assessment was at $8,720 per forty-foot equivalent unit last week. The Freightos Baltic Daily Index (FBX) assessment for that route (which includes premiums) was at $10,762 per FEU as of Tuesday.
Freight futures traded against the FBX show expectations for rebounding rates.
Peter Stallion of brokerage Freight Investor Services wrote in a market update on Wednesday: “Trans-Pacific westbound has seen a severe erosion of freight rates. [But] forward market sentiment, rather than carrying down any further significant price decreases, has flattened out the curve.”
The calendar-year 2023 futures contract for Asia-West Coast is now trading above the current price, at $11,500 per FEU. That contract price “held steady through the month [of May],” said Stallion.
“This is a drastic change since the start of the year, and indeed through most of 2021,” when current prices were at a premium to forward contract prices.
June 4, 2022
Lumber Prices Crash 50% As Fed Tightens
by Tyler DurdenFriday, Jun 03, 2022 – 08:40 PM
Lumber prices have been halved since the Federal Reserve embarked on its most aggressive interest rate tightening campaign in decades as the pandemic boom in housing slows.
Lumber contracts trading on the CME crashed to $653 per thousand board feet, down 51% from a high in late February of $1,336. The decline in wood prices occurred about two weeks before the Fed began hiking interest rates in mid-March.
The Fed is expected to continue raising rates this summer. Interest rate probabilities show the Fed could hike by 50bps at three of the next FOMC meetings to suppress consumption and get inflation under control ahead of the midterm elections. However, that’s going to be a challenging task, which may cause a hard landing in the economy.
Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s pursuit of finding the neutral rate has already unleashed a rate shock in the housing market, with the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage shooting up more than 200bps this year, from 320 bps to 557 bps. This has crushed activity for refinancing houses (remodeling) and sent mortgage applications (home construction) plunging, a sign the housing market is cooling.
Signs of a slowdown in construction are already materializing: “Buyers don’t have the same mentality of having to go out and buy 10 when they only need five,” Ash Boeckholt, co-founder and chief revenue officer at online wood-products marketplace MaterialsXchange, told WSJ.
A monthly survey from John Burns Real Estate Consulting of building-products dealers shows only 12% had tight lumber inventories in April, down 61% from last year. Lumber is a leading indicator and suggests higher prices and soaring interest rates have helped fix shortages that were stoked during the pandemic lockdowns of easy money and robust demand for housing.
Lumber is still double the price of the three-decade trend of $359. Matthew Saunders, who leads John Burns Real Estate Consulting, said that prices are expected to stay above pre-pandemic levels despite improving supply chains and falling demand for wood.
“We believe that they will trade above long-term averages for the balance of the year. However, in the short term, lumber is down more than 50% from the most recent peak. The market is trying to determine where the new price equilibrium compared to slowing demand and increased supply,” Josh Goodman, vice president of inventory and purchasing at Sherwood Lumber, told GlobeSt.com.
Another sign lumber demand is declining is directly from one of the largest wood producers in North America, Canfor Corp, who reduced operating schedules at sawmills in Western Canada. Since March, Canfor has operated sawmills at 80% of production capacity.
On the retail side, traders and analysts have noticed slumping demand for lumber at Home Depot and Lowe’s as consumers shift away from home-improvement projects to spending money on vacations.
The Fed will frontload interest rate hikes this summer which could pressure lumber prices even lower. Perhaps, if some readers have been waiting to build a deck or fence and didn’t want to pay crazy COVID prices, now could be the time to build (despite paying high labor costs).
https://www.zerohedge.com/commodities/lumber-prices-crash-50-fed-tightens
June 4, 2022
Lumber Prices Crash 50% As Fed Tightens
by Tyler DurdenFriday, Jun 03, 2022 – 08:40 PM
Lumber prices have been halved since the Federal Reserve embarked on its most aggressive interest rate tightening campaign in decades as the pandemic boom in housing slows.
Lumber contracts trading on the CME crashed to $653 per thousand board feet, down 51% from a high in late February of $1,336. The decline in wood prices occurred about two weeks before the Fed began hiking interest rates in mid-March.
The Fed is expected to continue raising rates this summer. Interest rate probabilities show the Fed could hike by 50bps at three of the next FOMC meetings to suppress consumption and get inflation under control ahead of the midterm elections. However, that’s going to be a challenging task, which may cause a hard landing in the economy.
Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s pursuit of finding the neutral rate has already unleashed a rate shock in the housing market, with the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage shooting up more than 200bps this year, from 320 bps to 557 bps. This has crushed activity for refinancing houses (remodeling) and sent mortgage applications (home construction) plunging, a sign the housing market is cooling.
Signs of a slowdown in construction are already materializing: “Buyers don’t have the same mentality of having to go out and buy 10 when they only need five,” Ash Boeckholt, co-founder and chief revenue officer at online wood-products marketplace MaterialsXchange, told WSJ.
A monthly survey from John Burns Real Estate Consulting of building-products dealers shows only 12% had tight lumber inventories in April, down 61% from last year. Lumber is a leading indicator and suggests higher prices and soaring interest rates have helped fix shortages that were stoked during the pandemic lockdowns of easy money and robust demand for housing.
Lumber is still double the price of the three-decade trend of $359. Matthew Saunders, who leads John Burns Real Estate Consulting, said that prices are expected to stay above pre-pandemic levels despite improving supply chains and falling demand for wood.
“We believe that they will trade above long-term averages for the balance of the year. However, in the short term, lumber is down more than 50% from the most recent peak. The market is trying to determine where the new price equilibrium compared to slowing demand and increased supply,” Josh Goodman, vice president of inventory and purchasing at Sherwood Lumber, told GlobeSt.com.
Another sign lumber demand is declining is directly from one of the largest wood producers in North America, Canfor Corp, who reduced operating schedules at sawmills in Western Canada. Since March, Canfor has operated sawmills at 80% of production capacity.
On the retail side, traders and analysts have noticed slumping demand for lumber at Home Depot and Lowe’s as consumers shift away from home-improvement projects to spending money on vacations.
The Fed will frontload interest rate hikes this summer which could pressure lumber prices even lower. Perhaps, if some readers have been waiting to build a deck or fence and didn’t want to pay crazy COVID prices, now could be the time to build (despite paying high labor costs).
https://www.zerohedge.com/commodities/lumber-prices-crash-50-fed-tightens
June 2, 2022
Chem firms brace for new US Superfund taxes
Author: Al Greenwood
2022/04/28
HOUSTON (ICIS)–Chemical companies are bracing themselves for the return of two Superfund taxes, one of which covers 42 chemicals made or imported in the US and another covering an even wider range of substances imported into the country.
- US will revive two Superfund taxes on 1 July 2022.
- One tax applies to 42 chemicals sold or used by producers or importers.
- Another tax could apply to many more substances that are imported.
The US is reviving the taxes as part of the $1trn Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act that President Joe Biden signed into law in November.
The proceeds raised by the taxes will help replenish the government’s Superfund programme, which pays for clean-up at waste sites.
TAXABLE CHEMICALS
The tax levied on the 42 chemicals apply to some of the most common building blocks used in the industry.
These taxes are levied on a short-ton basis for the following 42 chemicals sold in the US by manufacturers or importers:
| Taxable Chemical | Alias | $/Short Ton | Cent/lb |
| Acetylene | 9.74 | 0.487 | |
| Ammonia | 5.28 | 0.264 | |
| Antimony Trioxide | 7.40 | 0.370 | |
| Arsenic Trioxide | 6.82 | 0.341 | |
| Barium sulphide | 4.60 | 0.230 | |
| Benzene | 9.74 | 0.487 | |
| Bromine | 8.90 | 0.445 | |
| Butadiene | BD | 9.74 | 0.487 |
| Butane | 9.74 | 0.487 | |
| Butylene | 9.74 | 0.487 | |
| Chlorine | 5.40 | 0.270 | |
| Chromite | 3.04 | 0.152 | |
| Cupric oxide | 7.18 | 0.359 | |
| Cupric sulphate | 3.74 | 0.187 | |
| Cuprous oxide | 7.94 | 0.397 | |
| Ethylene | 9.74 | 0.487 | |
| Hydrochloric acid | HCl | 0.58 | 0.029 |
| Hydrogen fluoride | hydrofluoric acid (HF) | 8.46 | 0.423 |
| Lead oxide | 8.28 | 0.414 | |
| Methane | 6.88 | 0.344 | |
| Naphthalene | 9.74 | 0.487 | |
| Nitric acid | 0.48 | 0.024 | |
| Phosphorus | 8.90 | 0.445 | |
| Potassium dichromate | 3.38 | 0.169 | |
| Potassium hydroxide | Caustic potash | 0.44 | 0.022 |
| Propylene | 9.74 | 0.487 | |
| Sodium dichromate | 3.74 | 0.187 | |
| Sodium hydroxide | Caustic soda | 0.56 | 0.028 |
| Stannic chloride | 4.24 | 0.212 | |
| Stannous chloride | 5.70 | 0.285 | |
| Sulphuric acid | 0.52 | 0.026 | |
| Toluene | 9.74 | 0.487 | |
| Xylene | 9.74 | 0.487 | |
| Zinc chloride | 4.44 | 0.222 | |
| Zinc sulphate | 3.80 | 0.190 | |
| Antimony | 8.90 | 0.445 | |
| Arsenic | 8.90 | 0.445 | |
| Cadmium | 8.90 | 0.445 | |
| Chromium | 8.90 | 0.445 | |
| Cobalt | 8.90 | 0.445 | |
| Mercury | 8.90 | 0.445 | |
| Nickel | 8.90 | 0.445 |
Source: Deloitte
Paraxylene (PX), an isomer of xylene, would be subject to the tax once it is imported into the country, said Jeffery Wright, US oil, gas & chemicals tax leader for Deloitte, a consultancy. For xylene, the tax becomes due upon the first sale or the first use.
The tax does include some exceptions.
Exporters can apply for a refund, according to Deloitte. Companies that use the chemicals to make fuel, fertilizer or animal feed are also exempt.
Based on those exceptions, hydrofluoric acid or propylene used in the alkylation units of refineries could be exempt, since those chemicals would be used to make gasoline. Butane could avoid the tax if it is blended in gasoline.
Ammonia used to make nitrogen fertilizers could also avoid the tax.
Methane could escape taxes if it is burned as a fuel in power plants or used to make hydrogen for feedstock in refineries.
However, if the methane is used to make methanol for downstream chemical production, it could be taxed.
The tax also exempts coal derivatives and sulphuric acid that is a by-product of air-pollution control.
TAXABLE SUBSTANCES
The second tax covers substances sold or used by importers, according to Mayer Brown, a law firm.
The tax will cover imports that contain at least 20% of the 42 taxable chemicals. The tax rate would depend on the percent of the taxable chemicals contained by the substance.
For example, a short ton of a taxable substance that contains 20% propylene would be subject to an excise tax rate that is 20% of that for propylene. Since the propylene tax rate is $9.74/ton, the rate for the taxable substance would be $1.95/ton.
It is up to the importer to determine the rate for a taxable substance and maintain the records that would back their findings. If the company comes short, the IRS will impose a 10% tax based on the substance’s value when it enters the country.
So far, there are 151 taxable substances that could meet this 20% threshold, according to lists from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
One of these lists was published when the Superfund tax was last in effect in the 1990s, Wright said. Another list was from historic notices that also date from the 1990s. At the time, the substances in the two lists contained at least 50% of the taxable chemicals.
It is presumed that they still contain at least 20%, Wright said.
The table below shows some of the taxable substances in the lists that are followed by ICIS.
| Chemical | Alias |
| 1,4 butanediol | BDO |
| acetic acid | |
| acetone | |
| acrylic and methacrylic acid resins | |
| acrylonitrile | ACN |
| adipic acid | |
| adiponitrile | ADN |
| bisphenol-A | BPA |
| butanol | normal butanol or NBA |
| butyl acetate | butac |
| butyl acrylate | butyl-a |
| cumene | |
| cyclohexane | CX |
| dimethyl terephthalate | DMT |
| epichlorohydrin | EPC |
| ethyl acetate | etac |
| ethyl acrylate | ethyl-A |
| ethyl alcohol for non-beverage use | ethanol |
| ethylbenzene | EB |
| ethylene dichloride | EDC |
| ethylene glycol | EG |
| ethylene oxide | EO |
| formaldehyde | |
| glycerine | |
| isopropyl alcohol | isopropanol (IPA) |
| linear alpha olefins | LAOs or normal alpha olefins (NAOs) |
| maleic anhydride | MA |
| melamine | |
| methanol | |
| methyl acrylate | metyl-A |
| methyl ethyl ketone | MEK |
| methyl isobutyl ketone | MIBK |
| methyl methacrylate | MMA |
| nylon 6/6 | |
| phenol | |
| phenolic resins | |
| phthalic anhydride | PA |
| polyalphaolefins | PAOs |
| polycarbonate | PC |
| polyethylene resins, total | PE |
| polyethylene terephthalate pellets | PET |
| polypropylene | PP |
| polypropylene resins | PP |
| polystyrene homopolymer resins | PS |
| polystyrene resins and copolymers | PS |
| polyvinylchloride resins | PVCC |
| propanol | n-propanol |
| propylene glycol | PG |
| propylene oxide | PO |
| styrene | |
| styrene-butadiene, latex | |
| styrene-butadiene, snpf | |
| synthetic linear fatty alcohol ethoxylates | |
| synthetic linear fatty alcohols | |
| synthetic rubber, not containing fillers | |
| terephthalic acid | purified terephthalic acid (PTA) |
| toluene diisocyanate | TDI |
| urea | |
| vinyl acetate | VAM |
| vinyl chloride | VCM |
| vinyl resins | PVC |
| vinyl resins, nspf | PVC |
Source: Deloitte
Some of these taxes will be problematic. The US has just one plant that makes melamine. It has no domestic production for methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and relies solely on imports.
The list could be modified to add taxable substances that meet the 20% threshold or remove them that no longer meet the threshold, said Shawn O’Brien a partner at Mayer Brown. Advances or changes in production methods could cause some of the substances to contain less than 20% of the taxable chemicals.
For example, some of these chemicals can be made with renewable feedstock, such as butanediol (BDO), polyethylene (PE) and monoethylene glycol (MEG). Others could be made from feedstock derived from chemically recycled plastics.
PASSING THE BUCK
If companies choose to pass through the taxes, it will likely appear as line items, O’Brien said. He could see the tax being passed down to end consumers.
In total, the amount could be substantial.
The Superfund taxes could raise $452m in 2022 and $1.17bn in 2023, according to the congressional Joint Committee on Taxation. By the time the tax ends on 31 December 2031, the proceeds could reach $14.5bn.
Wright said that companies could evaluate existing contracts with suppliers and customers to see if they can pass along the taxes. Ultimately, each company will have to determine the pros and cons of absorbing the taxes versus passing them along.
To make things clearer for companies, the American Chemistry Council (ACC), a trade group, has asked that the IRS publish tax rates for the taxable substances.
It also asked the IRS to include the harmonised tariff schedule (HTS) numbers and the chemical abstract service numbers of the taxable substances.
The HTS numbers are used by countries around the world to determine which products are subject to a specific tariff. Such numbers allow governments to impose the tariffs in a consistent and clear way.
The list of 151 taxable substances could certainly use some more clarity. It lists polypropylene and polypropylene resins as separate items. HTS numbers could reveal whether the tax applies to two different grades of polypropylene or if the IRS simply listed the same product twice.
The ACC noted that the 20% threshold could cause a lot of chemicals to fall under the definition of a taxable substance. The ACC would like the government to publish rules under which companies could request the removal of chemicals from the list of taxable substances.
The following table shows the full list of the 151 taxable substances that, if imported, would be subject to the Superfund tax.
| Chemical | Alias |
| 1,4 butanediol | BDO |
| 1,3-butylene glycol | |
| 1,5,9- cyclododecatriene | |
| 2-ethyl hexanol | |
| 2-ethylhexyl acrylate | |
| 2,2,4-trimethyl- 1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate | |
| 2,2,4-trimethyl- 1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate | |
| acetic acid | |
| acetylene black | |
| adipic acid | |
| adiponitrile | ADN |
| allyl chloride | |
| alpha- methylstyrene | |
| aniline | |
| benzaldehyde | |
| benzoic acid | |
| bisphenol-A | BPA |
| butanol | normal butanol or NBA |
| butyl acrylate | butyl-a |
| butyl benzyl phthalate | |
| chlorinated polyethylene | |
| cyclododecanol | |
| decabromodiphenyl oxide | |
| di-2 ethyl hexyl phthalate | |
| di-n-hexyl adipate | |
| diethanolamine | DEA |
| diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A | |
| diisopropano- lamine | |
| dimethyl terephthalate | DMT |
| dimethyl-2, 6-naphthalene dicarboxylate | |
| diphenyl oxide | |
| diphenylamine | |
| epichlorohydrin | EPC |
| ethyl acetate | etac |
| ethyl acrylate | ethyl-A |
| ethyl chloride | |
| ethylene dibromide | |
| ethylenebistetra- bromo- phthalimide | |
| formic acid | |
| glycerine | |
| hexabromocyclod odecane | |
| hexamethylenedia mine | |
| isobutyl acetate | |
| isopropyl acetate | |
| linear alpha olefins | LAOs or normal alpha olefins (NAOs) |
| methyl acrylate | metyl-A |
| methyl chloroform | |
| methyl isobutyl ketone | MIBK |
| methyl methacrylate | MMA |
| monochloro- benzene | |
| monoethanolamine | MEA |
| monoisopro- panolamine | |
| normal butyl acetate | butac |
| normal propyl acetate | |
| nylon 6/6 | |
| ortho- dichlorobenzene | |
| ortho-nitrochloro- benzene | |
| paraformaldehyde | |
| para- dichlorobenzene | |
| para-nitrochloro- benzene | |
| para-nitrophenol | |
| pentaerythritol | |
| perchloroethylene | |
| phenol | |
| phosphorous pentasulfide | |
| phosphorous trichloride | |
| poly 1,4 butylenetere-phthalate | |
| poly (69/31 ethylene/ cyclohexylene- dimethylene terephthalate) | |
| poly (96.5/3.5 ethylene/ cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate) | |
| poly (98.5/1.5 ethylene/ cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate) | |
| poly(ethyleneoxy) glycerol | |
| poly(propylene) glycol | |
| poly(propylene/ ethylene) glycol | |
| poly(propyleneoxy) glycerol | |
| poly(propyleneoxy)s ucrose | |
| poly(propyleneoxy/ ethyleneoxy) benzenediamine | |
| poly(propyleneoxy/ ethyleneoxy)diamine | |
| poly(propyleneoxy/ ethyleneoxy)glycerol | |
| poly(propyleneoxy/ ethyleneoxy)sucrose | |
| polyalphaolefins | PAOs |
| polybutene | |
| polybutylene | |
| polybutylene/ ethylene | |
| polycarbonate | PC |
| polyethylene terephthalate pellets | PET |
| propanol | n-propanol |
| sodium nitriolotriacetate monohydrate | |
| synthetic linear fatty alcohols | |
| synthetic linear fatty alcohol ethoxylates | |
| terephthalic acid | purified terephthalic acid (PTA) |
| tetrabromo- bisphenol-A | |
| tetrachloro-phthalic anhydride | |
| tetrahydrofuran | |
| texanol benzyl phthalate | |
| toluene diisocyanate | TDI |
| toluenediamine | |
| trichloroethylene | |
| triethanolamine | TEA |
| triisopropanolamine | |
| trimethylolpropane | |
| vinyl acetate | VAM |
| acetone | |
| acrylic and methacrylic acid resins | |
| acrylonitrile | ACN |
| ammonium nitrate | |
| carbon tetrachloride | |
| chloroform | |
| chromic acid | |
| cumene | |
| cyclohexane | CX |
| ethyl alcohol for nonbeverage use | ethanol |
| ethylbenzene | EB |
| ethylene dichloride | EDC |
| ethylene glycol | EG |
| ethylene oxide | EO |
| ethyl methyl ketone | MEK |
| ferrochrome ov 3 pct. carbon | |
| ferrochromium nov 3 pct | |
| ferronickel | |
| formaldehyde | |
| hydrogen peroxide | |
| isophtalic acid | |
| isopropyl alcohol | isopropanol (IPA) |
| maleic anhydride | MA |
| melamine | |
| methanol | |
| methylene chloride | |
| nickel oxide | |
| nickel powders | |
| nickel waste and scrap | |
| phenolic resins | |
| phthalic anyhydride | PA |
| polybutadiene | |
| polypropylene resins | PP |
| polystyrene homopolymer resins | PS |
| polyethylene resins, total | PE |
| polypropylene | PP |
| polystyrene resins and copolymers | PS |
| polyvinylchloride resins | PVCC |
| propylene glycol | PG |
| propylene oxide | PO |
| styrene | |
| styrene-butadiene, latex | |
| styrene-butadiene, snpf | |
| synthetic rubber, not containing fillers | |
| unwrought nickel | |
| urea | |
| vinyl chloride | VCM |
| vinyl resins | PVC |
| vinyl resins, nspf | PVC |
| wrought nickel rods and wire |
Source: Deloitte
Thumbnail shows dollars. Image by Shutterstock
By Al Greenwood
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