Company News

November 18, 2025

AkzoNobel and Axalta to Merge

AkzoNobel and Axalta to combine in all-stock merger of equals, creating a premier global coatings company

November 18, 2025

  • Creates a global coatings leader with $17 billion in revenue and an enterprise value of $25 billion
  • Significant value creation with approximately $600 million in cost synergies supporting strategic and capital allocation priorities
  • Combines highly complementary portfolios across end markets, driving stronger revenue growth, enhanced profitability and increased value for customers
  • Expands geographic reach, brings together world class technology and innovation platforms and offers a full spectrum of solutions to deliver exceptional value to customers
  • Highly attractive financial profile featuring strong EBITDA margins and robust cash flow generation
  • One‑tier Board to be led by current Axalta Chair Rakesh Sachdev as Chair; AkzoNobel CEO Greg Poux-Guillaume to serve as CEO of the combined company
  • Combined company to transition to a single NYSE listing; dual headquarters in Amsterdam and Philadelphia and domiciled in the Netherlands
  • Companies to host joint investor conference call on November 18 at 8.30am EST/ 2.30pm CET

Akzo Nobel N.V. (AKZA; AKZOY) (“AkzoNobel”) and Axalta Coating Systems Ltd. (NYSE:AXTA) (“Axalta”) today announced they’ve entered into a definitive agreement to combine in an all-stock merger of equals, creating a premier global coatings company with an enterprise value of approximately $25 billion.

The combination brings together two coatings industry leaders with complementary portfolios of highly regarded brands to better serve customers across key end markets and enhance value for shareholders, employees and other stakeholders. Anchored in both companies’ proud histories and broad expertise, the combined business will have a highly attractive financial profile, industry-leading innovation capabilities and a balanced global footprint spanning over 160 countries to bring global capabilities to local customers. 

With attractive margins and robust cash flow generation, the combined company will be well positioned to drive substantial growth and shareholder value creation, building on 2024 revenues of approximately $17 billion and $1.5 billion in pro forma Adjusted Free Cash Flow.1,2,3The combination is expected to drive identified and actionable run-rate synergies of approximately $600 million, 90% of which are expected to be achieved within the first three years following the close of the transaction.

Greg Poux-Guillaume, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Management of AkzoNobel:

“We’re excited to enter a new chapter in our long and proud history as a leader in the paints and coatings industry. This merger will allow us to accelerate our growth ambitions by bringing together highly complementary technologies, expertise and passionate people to unlock our full combined potential. I’m excited to lead our talented teams in bringing the best of both companies to our customers and shareholders, delivering outstanding value to both.”

Ben Noteboom, Chairman of the Supervisory Board of AkzoNobel:

“This combination represents a compelling opportunity. It’s a great value proposition for all our stakeholders, both in the Netherlands – where we maintain our domicile – and internationally, including our shareholders, customers and employees. It will create a world leader in coatings and is a significant step that will drive sustainable growth and allow us to better serve our customers. By uniting two world class organizations, we’re creating a strong platform for the future, built on a solid foundation of shared values and heritage.”

Chris Villavarayan, CEO and President of Axalta:

“We are pleased to enter into this transaction with AkzoNobel and join our best-in-class platforms to enhance innovation, develop new capabilities and further strengthen customer relationships. As our industry continues to grow and evolve, this combination with AkzoNobel enables us to do the same, with a sharper competitive edge and new avenues and opportunities for growth. Together, AkzoNobel and Axalta are positioned to establish a profitable and sustainable path forward as a leader in the coatings industry. Like AkzoNobel, we value our people as our greatest asset, and we are excited to unite our rich, innovation-focused cultures.” 

Rakesh Sachdev, Chair of the Axalta Board of Directors:

“The Axalta Board is confident that this combination with AkzoNobel will create significant value for our shareholders as we move ahead. Led by an experienced management team with a track record of operational efficiency and excellence, we expect the meaningful synergy opportunities and enhanced financial profile of the combined company will drive substantial value creation. We look forward to joining Axalta’s and AkzoNobel’s strengths to create new opportunities across our global stakeholder base.”

Compelling strategic and financial benefits of the transaction 

  • Diversified and balanced portfolio of leading brands. The merger brings together AkzoNobel’s and Axalta’s complementary portfolios to create a full spectrum offering of coatings solutions, with first-rate franchises across Powder, Aerospace, Refinish, Mobility, Marine and Protective, Industrial Coatings and Decorative Paints. The combined portfolio will be differentiated by its breadth of solutions across approximately 100 well-known brands
  • Increased geographic scale and enhanced commercial reach. The combined company will have an enhanced global footprint spanning 173 manufacturing sites and 91 R&D facilities worldwide, enabling it to bring global capabilities to local customers. Through increased local presence in key geographies, AkzoNobel and Axalta customers are expected to benefit from deep channel access to coatings and product support, further strengthening customer relationships
  • Enhanced capabilities to deliver customer-centric innovation. The combination will enable AkzoNobel and Axalta to deliver increasingly advanced and differentiated products by combining existing technological capabilities across end markets. Joining Axalta’s Refinish, Light Vehicle and Commercial and Industrial Coatings businesses with AkzoNobel’s Powder Coatings, Refinish, Aerospace Coatings, Marine and Protective Coatings, Industrial Coatings and Decorative Paints businesses will create an innovative platform to deliver exceptional value to customers. In addition, sharing best practices across two leading research platforms in the coatings space is expected to accelerate high-value innovation. The combined company will have approximately $400 million combined annual R&D spend, 91 R&D facilities for local customer needs, approximately 4,200 research fellows, scientists and engineers, and around 3,200 granted and pending patent applications
  • Substantial synergy opportunities driving value creation. The combination is expected to generate pre-tax run-rate synergies of approximately $600 million, with 90% of synergies expected to be achieved within the first three years following the close of the transaction. The targeted synergies are identified and actionable, arising primarily from procurement, SG&A efficiencies, footprint optimization and improved supply chain management
  • Highly attractive financial profile with strong margins and substantial cash flow generation. Inclusive of run-rate synergies, the combined company is expected to have industry-leading profitability with strong Adjusted EBITDA margins approaching 20%1 and substantial cash flow generation. Revenues are expected to be approximately $17 billion, with Adjusted EBITDA of $3.3 billion and pro forma Adjusted Free Cash Flow of $1.5 billion. This will provide significant flexibility to support strategic and capital allocation priorities, including consistent capital returns through a regular dividend. Net leverage is targeted to be 2.0x to 2.5x, with a strong commitment to holding an investment grade credit rating

Leadership, corporate governance and headquarters

Upon closing, the combined company will have a one-tier Board, led by Rakesh Sachdev, current Chair of the Axalta Board of Directors. Ben Noteboom, current Chairman of the AkzoNobel Supervisory Board, will serve as Vice-Chair. The Board will be composed of 11 directors – four from each company and three independent members. Of the 11 Board members, two will be executive directors and nine will be non-executive directors. Each company expects to hold its respective Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders tentatively in mid-2026.

Current AkzoNobel CEO, Greg Poux-Guillaume, will serve as CEO of the combined company, and current Axalta CEO, Chris Villavarayan, will serve as Deputy CEO. Current Axalta SVP and CFO, Carl Anderson, will serve as the CFO of the combined company. Current AkzoNobel CFO, Maarten de Vries, will retire from AkzoNobel prior to closing as previously announced.

The combined company will assume a new name and ticker symbol, which will be announced in due course, and will have dual headquarters in Amsterdam and Philadelphia. It will be organized under a Dutch holding company with tax residency in the Netherlands. Following a period of dual listing on Euronext Amsterdam and the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), shares of the combined company’s common stock will be listed solely on NYSE.

Transaction details

Under the terms of the agreement, which has been unanimously approved by the AkzoNobel Supervisory Board, the AkzoNobel Board of Management and the Axalta Board of Directors, Axalta shareholders will receive 0.6539 shares of AkzoNobel stock for each share of Axalta common stock owned.

In connection with the transaction, AkzoNobel will pay a special cash dividend to AkzoNobel shareholders equal to €2.5 billion minusthe aggregate amount of any regular annual and interim dividends paid by AkzoNobel to AkzoNobel shareholders in 2026 prior to completion. AkzoNobel shareholders will own 55% and Axalta shareholders will own 45% of the combined company on a pro forma basis immediately after closing.

The companies expect the transaction to close in late 2026 to early 2027, subject to approval by shareholders of both AkzoNobel and Axalta, the receipt of requisite regulatory approvals, authorization for the combined company’s shares to be listed on NYSE, payment of the special dividend by AkzoNobel, completion of AkzoNobel’s works council consultation requirements and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions.

Dividends and share buybacks between signing and close

In light of the announced transaction, both AkzoNobel and Axalta have agreed to suspend any ongoing or announced share buyback programs, effective immediately.

AkzoNobel intends to continue paying regular ordinary dividends in line with its existing dividend policy through closing, subject to customary approvals and applicable legal requirements. No extraordinary or additional distributions are expected from either company prior to completion, other than AkzoNobel’s special dividend pursuant to the transaction terms.

Advisors

Morgan Stanley & Co International plc is serving as sole financial advisor, De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek N.V. and Davis Polk are serving as legal counsel, and FGS Global is serving as strategic communications advisor to AkzoNobel. In addition, Lazard B.V. and Wakkie+Perrick are acting as financial and legal advisors, respectively, to the AkzoNobel Supervisory Board.

Evercore and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC are acting as co-lead financial advisors to Axalta. Incentrum Group is also providing financial advice. Additionally, Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP and NautaDutilh N.V. are serving as legal counsel, and Joele Frank, Wilkinson Brimmer Katcher is serving as strategic communications advisor to Axalta. 

Conference call and additional materials

AkzoNobel and Axalta will host a joint investor conference call today at 8.30am EST/2:30pm CET to discuss the transaction.

The conference call will be available via live webcast on the investor relations section of each company’s website at https://www.akzonobel.com/en/investors/events and https://ir.axalta.com, or directly at the following web address: https://event.choruscall.com/mediaframe/webcast.html?webcastid=V5nvvQdI. Associated presentation materials will also be available for viewing on the respective websites prior to the call.

The conference call can also be accessed by dialing +1 (877) 407 4177 within the US. International numbers can access the conference call by dialing +1 (201) 689 8325 or by clicking here. An archive of the webcast will be available for one week.

About AkzoNobel

Since 1792, we’ve been supplying the innovative paints and coatings that help to color people’s lives and protect what matters most. Our world class portfolio of brands – including Dulux, International, Sikkens and Interpon – is trusted by customers around the globe. We’re active in more than 150 countries and use our expertise to sustain and enhance everyday life. Because we believe every surface is an opportunity. It’s what you’d expect from a pioneering and long-established paints company that’s dedicated to providing more sustainable solutions and preserving the best of what we have today – while creating an even better tomorrow. Let’s paint the future together. 

About Axalta Coating Systems

Axalta is a global leader in the coatings industry, providing customers with innovative, colorful, beautiful and sustainable coatings solutions. From light vehicles, commercial vehicles and refinish applications to electric motors, building facades and other industrial applications, our coatings are designed to prevent corrosion, increase productivity and enhance durability. With more than 150 years of experience in the coatings industry, the global team at Axalta continues to find ways to serve our more than 100,000 customers in over 140 countries better every day with the finest coatings, application systems and technology. For more information visit axalta.com and follow us @axalta on X.

https://www.akzonobel.com/en/media/media-releases/akzonobel-and-axalta-to-combine-in-all-stock-merger-of-equals-creating-a-premier-global-coatings-company

November 17, 2025

Adnoc Gets Conditional Approval for Covestro Acquisition

Adnoc’s €11.7B Covestro deal wins conditional E.U. approval

Nov. 14, 2025 9:55 AM ETCovestro AG (CVVTF) Stock, COVTY StockBy: Carl Surran, SA News Editor

The European Union’s competition regulator said Friday it conditionally cleared Abu Dhabi’s state oil company ADNOC for its €11.7 billion (~$13.6 billion) bid for German chemical company Covestro (OTCPK:CVVTF) (OTCPK:COVTY).

The European Commission said ADNOC’s offer to maintain Covestro’s (OTCPK:CVVTF) (OTCPK:COVTY) intellectual property in Europe as well as concessions on the company’s unlimited state guarantee from the U.A.E. settled its earlier concerns that its state subsidies could stifle competition.

The deal, one of the largest foreign takeovers of an E.U. company by a Persian Gulf state, has prompted concerns that ADNOC may be using state subsidies to acquire Covestro (OTCPK:CVVTF) (OTCPK:COVTY); an in-depth investigation began earlier this year under relatively new legislation designed to tackle what European officials see as distorting subsidies from foreign governments.

https://seekingalpha.com/news/4522323-adnocs-117b-covestro-deal-wins-conditional-eu-approval?mailingid=42541235&messageid=2900&position=rta_news_nov_adtest_shortad_main_2_textlink&serial=42541235.96&source=email_2900

November 12, 2025

Urethane Highlights from Somnigroup Call

Somnigroup International Inc. (SGI) Q3 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Nov. 06, 2025 11:26 AM ETSomnigroup International Inc. (SGI) StockSGI

Q3: 2025-11-06 Earnings Summary

EPS of $0.95 beats by $0.09

 | Revenue of $2.12B (63.28% Y/Y) beats by $61.27M

Somnigroup International Inc. (SGI) Q3 2025 Earnings Call November 6, 2025 8:00 AM EST

Company Participants

Aubrey Moore – Vice President of Investor Relations
Scott Thompson – Chairman of the Board, CEO, President & Interim CEO of Mattress Firm
Bhaskar Rao

Scott Thompson
Chairman of the Board, CEO, President & Interim CEO of Mattress Firm

Good morning, and thank you for joining us on our third quarter 2025 earnings call. I’m pleased to share with you that Somnigroup International delivered a record quarter across nearly all key operating metrics. These results were driven by the early benefits from the Mattress Firm combination and successful execution of our key operating initiatives. Importantly, we achieved this strong financial performance while the U.S. bedding market remains basically flat from a sales perspective, and it is still at trough levels, while the U.S. housing market is yet to recover and international markets continue to face numerous challenges. Additionally, we have not fully realized all of the benefits from the Mattress Firm combination.

This backdrop underscores the potential of our business, the strength of our competitive position and the meaningful opportunity ahead as our markets improve and we continue to deploy capital and optimize our vertical structure. In the third quarter of 2025, we’re pleased to achieve record net sales, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EPS. Net sales were up approximately 63% to $2.1 billion. Adjusted EBITDA was up approximately 52% to $419 million, and adjusted EPS was up approximately 16% and to $0.95 per share. Now turning to some highlights for the third quarter.

First highlight. Our aggregate like-for-like sales growth was 5% over the same period last year, led by strong performance in our international operations, which I’ll discuss in a minute. Tempur Sealy North America reported 5% like-for-like sales growth which is the strongest quarterly sales trend in 9 quarters. This performance was broad-based across our portfolio and price points as we significantly increased our balance of share at Mattress Firm and experienced growth with our other third-party retailers. Both Tempur-Pedic and Sealy brands reported solid growth in the quarter, driven by our new Sealy Posturepedic products and our strong commitment to advertising, including over $110 million invested in the third quarter to keep our brands top of mind and drive valuable customer traffic to all retailers. Our collaborative marketing approach focused on delivering high-quality, brand-centric advertising to retail partners continues to drive strong results for us and the industry. Retailers who have actively participated in our brand activation program have seen a significant boost in sales of Tempur-Pedic and Sealy products. In short, we continue to win in the market with great product, robust advertising and a dedicated sales force to help our customers improve their business.

Second highlight. Mattress Firm continues to outperform the market, reporting strong same-store sales growth of 5% in the quarter. The strong third quarter performance was possible due to our relentless focus on delivering superior in-store execution and equipping our sleep experts with the tools and training they need to meet the customers’ sleep needs. Further, we continue to invest in consumer experience for our store refresh program, including installing Tempur brand walls to support increased customer engagement and education. Where placed, Tempur brand walls have shown to drive higher retail tickets resulting in strong return on investment. We began scaling this initiative in the back half of the quarter and expect to finish rolling it out to all 2,200 store locations nationwide by the end of next year. Other retailers have also taken part in this program as we are committed to an omnichannel approach.

Additionally, we are ramping up our previously disclosed 3-year program to invest a total of $150 million between 2025 and 2027 to refresh certain Mattress Firm stores, ensuring all locations meet our brand standards. Third highlight, our international business continues to deliver impressive sales growth despite a challenging operating environment. Our Tempur International sales grew 11% in the quarter and continued to outperform the market by a solid clip, driven by the refreshed Tempur product lineup, expanded distribution. Strong local execution, combined with meaningful investments in advertising that significantly boost brand visibility, consumer engagement, resulted in this double-digit performance.

We continue to refine our late-stage customization manufacturing process to support this momentum. This approach allows us to efficiently tailor products for specific markets, channels and customer segments. With a solid foundation and significant long-term potential, we are confident in the growth trajectory of our Tempur international operations. Dreams, our U.K.-based bedding retailer also delivered strong quarterly market outperformance, driven by same-store sales growth and new store openings. Dreams continues to drive cost efficiencies, advance strategic growth initiatives and deliver exceptional product quality and industry-leading customer satisfaction.

Our final highlight is related to the progress on our sales and cost synergy initiatives following the combination of Mattress Firm. Mattress Firm is focused on retailing high-quality products with differentiated innovation at all price points, while driving industry demand with market-leading advertising investments. On synergies, we are ahead of our expectations in achieving a more market-driven distribution of Tempur Sealy brands and private label products at Mattress Firm. We now expect Tempur Sealy to represent a mid-50% of Mattress Firm’s total sales in 2025, up from our previous estimate of below 50%. In total, we now expect sales synergies to result in $60 million of benefit to adjusted EBITDA this year.

Looking to 2026, we expect an incremental $40 million of EBITDA benefit from the wraparound impact of these share gains and is on track to comfortably achieve our targeted $100 million of run rate sales synergies. As a reminder, we held Mattress Firm sales flat in estimating the balance of share opportunity. As the U.S. bedding industry recovers and Mattress Firm sales increase, we expect the dollar synergies to grow. Our increased scale and vertical integrated operations are unlocking efficiencies throughout manufacturing, logistics and sourcing. Additionally, improved insights into in-consumer demand patterns is enabling us to optimize production, upcoming product introductions and product end-of-life strategies. We remain on pace to achieve a minimum of $100 million in annual run rate net cost synergies, beginning with $15 million projected for 2025, an incremental $50 million in 2026 and a further $35 million in 2027.

Long term, we’re excited about the potential to align Tempur Sealy and Mattress Firm’s messaging to increase our advertising efficiency, an opportunity which is not yet quantified in our cost synergy targets. Today, as a unified Somnigroup entity, we are positioned to deliver more cohesive, high-impact advertising to support both our brands and the broader U.S. bedding market. Our new Mattress Firm advertising campaign, Sleep Easy, launched mid-third quarter, aligns our messaging with a cohesive voice. The campaign educates consumers on the importance of a well-suited mattress for restorative sleep and activates them to take the next step in their purchase journey. It highlights some of the most common impacted sleep disruptors and shows how certain products and Mattress Firm’s sleep experts can effectively address these important sleep issues.

We’re very encouraged by the strong consumer response to Sleep Easy campaign. Initial research identified it as the highest performing campaign in Mattress Firm’s recent history across all metrics. Subsequent studies have reinforced this finding, showing the campaign significantly outperformed both industry benchmarks and Mattress Firm’s previous messaging. Although it’s still early in the campaign’s rollout, we are confident that we are on the right path. We expect the positive impact to grow as the campaign becomes more established in the marketplace. Overall, we are pleased with the rapid progress in both sales and cost synergy efforts and remain excited about the long-term opportunities for retail customers, Somnigroup employees and shareholders.

Susan Maklari
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., Research Division

I want to talk about demand. It’s interesting to see how it sounds like the industry is starting to come back a bit and that’s really counter to what we’ve seen in the housing market, but also just what we’re hearing in terms of housing and consumer-related categories broadly. Can you talk about what is driving the relative divergence that we’re seeing in bedding and how much of it do you think is attributable to the efforts that you’ve put in over the last several months and years around new products, more recently, some of the ad spend and the initiatives there. And how we should think about the sustainability of it, just given the macro and the environment that we’re in?

Scott Thompson
Chairman of the Board, CEO, President & Interim CEO of Mattress Firm

Thank you for your question, Susan. All 12 of them that you wound into one. First of all, I think we’ve talked about this before. Look, the housing market can be a headwind or a tailwind for the bedding industry. But we’ve always thought of it as it’s in the top 5 items that we think about, but it’s certainly not the first or second. And I think the point you make in your question is exactly right. The bedding industry can be successful without the housing market necessarily be turning around. And we’ve always thought about in the bedding industry, what drives the bedding industry, of course, is innovation. And clearly, the new Sealy Posturepedic product that came out this summer is helping us, Mattress Firm and the industry.

It’s also — the other thing we think that drives the industry is advertising. And you know that we’ve completely retooled we’ll call it the advertising at Mattress Firm, and Mattress Firm is the leading advertiser in the U.S. by a factor of 2 and we’ve changed their creative and we’ve changed the placement and some of the strategies there. And we’re seeing benefits again for us and for the industry. For the first time in, I think, probably 15 or 20 years, we had direct advertising coming out of Tempur Sealy on the Sealy brand in support of the new Sealy product. That certainly has been incremental. And then the other things we watch obviously are consumer confidence. And it hasn’t been robust, but at least it hasn’t been negative. So when we look forward, certainly, we’re hoping for lower interest rates. And I think if you put a 5 handle, on the 30 year, you might get quite a bit of activity in housing and probably furniture and bedding.

We’re getting close. We’re a low 6. But we can be successful without the housing market turning around and it does feel like if you look at the numbers in the industry, you can’t get perfect industry numbers. But there’s no question the industry, I think step — had a good step forward from the second quarter. So sequentially, certainly improved. I think we’re calling it somewhere close to flat from a sales standpoint. And then as expected and as designed, we performed better than the marketplace, and you can see that in our numbers. I think one of the things that I really focused on this quarter was when I take a look back, in the first quarter, we delivered basically flat EPS, adjusted EPS. In the second quarter, we were down 16%, had some launch costs in there. And then we delivered quarter-to-date at plus 16%. And obviously, people can squeeze out what the implied fourth quarter is, and we’ll call that 15% to 20%.

So you can see the momentum as the industry has gotten slightly better. We have implemented some of our strategies, and we’re getting the synergies both in sales and costs from Mattress Firm acquisition.

https://seekingalpha.com/article/4839195-somnigroup-international-inc-sgi-q3-2025-earnings-call-transcript?mailingid=42391345&messageid=2800&position=rta_analysis_popular_main_3_textlink&serial=42391345.58&source=email_2800

November 10, 2025

EMCO Sells to Private Equity

Lindsay Goldberg to Acquire EMCO Chemical Distributors


NEW YORK–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Lindsay Goldberg, a leading private equity firm focused on partnering with families and founders, today announced it has agreed to acquire EMCO Chemical Distributors (“EMCO” or the “Company”), a founder-owned distributor of industrial chemicals, primarily serving the midwestern United States. Financial terms of the transaction were not disclosed.

Founded by Edward Polen in 1971 and headquartered in Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin, EMCO is one of the largest independent chemical distributors in North America. With over 500 employees, EMCO distributes, blends, and packages more than 5,000 SKUs to over 4,000 customers across a wide range of end markets. The Company operates eight distribution and packaging facilities, an application lab, an environmental services facility, and a dedicated delivery fleet that enables just-in-time distribution.

“Our investment in EMCO is the culmination of a multi-year relationship with EMCO founder Edward Polen,” said John Holland and Eric Fry, Partners at Lindsay Goldberg. “EMCO stands out for its stellar reputation, enduring supplier relationships, loyal employee base, and unmatched infrastructure in the region. We believe these strengths underpin EMCO’s position as a market leader, and we look forward to working with EMCO’s management team to support its future growth.”

EMCO’s founder and CEO, Edward Polen, remarked “Building EMCO over the last 54 years has been the greatest privilege. From the start, I set out to build a company where people matter – where we are true partners to our suppliers and customers and where our employees are empowered to make a difference. I’m proud of the culture we’ve built at EMCO. It is critical to our success, and I know that Lindsay Goldberg is the right partner to carry our culture forward.”

Frank Bergonzi, a Lindsay Goldberg Affiliate Partner and seasoned chemicals industry executive, will be appointed Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of EMCO upon Edward’s retirement at the closing of the transaction. Frank Bergonzi commented, “I have known and respected Edward Polen and the EMCO platform for the last 30 years. I am excited to work alongside EMCO’s talented management team as we expand into new products and markets. Together, we will grow EMCO and further build upon Edward’s remarkable legacy.”

Advisors
Latham & Watkins acted as legal advisor to Lindsay Goldberg. Chemlink Partners and JPMorgan acted as financial advisors to Lindsay Goldberg on the transaction. Aronberg Goldgehn acted as legal advisor to EMCO.

About Lindsay Goldberg
Lindsay Goldberg is a private investment firm that focuses on partnering with families, founders and management teams seeking to actively build their businesses. Since 2001, Lindsay Goldberg has raised over $22 billion of equity capital and has invested in more than 60 platform companies and over 350 add-ons. The firm focuses on three sectors that typically demonstrate resilience across economic cycles: industrials, services, and healthcare. Lindsay Goldberg takes a relationship-driven approach and is supported by its global network of affiliate partners. For more information about Lindsay Goldberg, please visit www.lindsaygoldbergllc.com.

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251110285478/en/Lindsay-Goldberg-to-Acquire-EMCO-Chemical-Distributors

November 9, 2025

Urethane Highlights from Huntsman Investors Call: Tough Questions

Huntsman Corporation (HUN) Q3 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Nov. 07, 2025 4:16 PM ETHuntsman Corporation (HUN) StockHUN

Q3: 2025-11-06 Earnings Summary

EPS of -$0.03 beats by $0.12

 | Revenue of $1.46B (-5.19% Y/Y) beats by $15.89M

Huntsman Corporation (HUN) Q3 2025 Earnings Call November 7, 2025 10:00 AM EST

Company Participants

Ivan Marcuse – Vice President of Investor Relations & Corporate Development
Peter Huntsman – Chairman, President & CEO
Philip Lister – Executive VP & CFO

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

Ivan, thank you very much and thank you for all of those taking the time to join us this morning. Before getting to our Q&A, I’d like to take a few minutes and speak about present market conditions. First of these is the change in our dividend distribution. Every quarter, our Board of Directors deliberates and spends considerable time discussing this matter. We take into consideration a number of factors in determining what should be paid and what should be preserved. Our industry faces 3 challenges that in their duration and magnitude are unprecedented. First, we see the U.S. economy, the effects of several years of decades high inflation and the rising of interest and mortgage rates. This has put enormous pressure on consumer durables and homebuilding. In particular, fewer and smaller homes are being built and consumers are spending less money on large durable items.

The second is the lack of consumer confidence and spending in China. While at the same time, the country has built out their manufacturing capacity that is not being absorbed domestically and in many cases, are flooding markets that struggle to absorb their own domestic production and increased imports. The third of these challenges is the deindustrialization of Europe. Between burdensome bureaucracies and regulations, high business and climate-related taxes and uncompetitive energy and raw material costs, Europe is not attracting innovation, growth or investment. In fact, in the second half of 2025, we’re likely to see more industrial closures than we have seen in the first half.

We believe that the U.S. and China economies will recover to more stable conditions as trade tensions ease, interest rates drop and consumer confidence and spendings returns. Europe will see more of its manufacturing leave unless they change a number of policies very quickly. As industry shuts, it will be relocated to the U.S., Asia or the Middle East. As these capacities relocate, we will see these markets stabilize as the remaining European companies adjust to new supply chains and perhaps a more consolidated industry.

Aside from simply waiting for better times, what will Huntsman continue to do? We will continue to calibrate our cost structure to be — to the market realities that we’re seeing. We are on track to completing our previously announced $100 million cost reduction program. This includes the elimination or relocation of over 600 positions and the closure of 7 sites, mostly in Europe. These efforts will continue through 2026 and we are well on track to meet and likely exceed these targeted savings of $100 million. In addition to cost and asset footprint, our priority has been to manage our cash consistent with a prolonged downturn. We delivered $200 million of operating cash this quarter and our year-to-date free cash flow is over $100 million. We moved early and aggressively on working capital this year and I believe we made the right call to do so. We’re also looking at more energy-intensive raw materials and exploring ways wherein we can source these supplies from other regions with more competitive costs.

Europe will continue to be a vital market for our company. Areas such as aerospace, automotive, adhesives and electronics will not only be profitable but growing markets for Huntsman. However, we need to continue to look at our supply chains and source the most profitable raw materials. An example of this is our recent closure of our maleic facility in Moers, Germany. We will continue to support our maleic customers in Europe but we will do so from the U.S. where we can make maleic cheaper and deliver it at higher margins. We’ll continue to look at our urethanes, amines and epoxy supply chains and assess how we can avoid Europe’s uncompetitive cost structure. These include working within our own company as well as working with other industry players. We will continue to work with other manufacturers to maximize our capacities and competitiveness on the products we produce and supply globally. This includes exploring opportunities for consolidations, rationalizing capacities and other value-enhancing combinations.

I believe that our actions will create further value. Not all of them will happen but we will continue to explore every chance we have. We also need to make sure that we protect our balance sheet for the long term. Our latest dividend levels were set when market conditions were far different than they are today. Our priority was to return cash and value to shareholders. This priority has not changed. It has taken — but it has taken into consideration current market conditions. These are not times when we ought to be taking on more debt to pay a higher dividend. After careful deliberation, we believe that we have found the right balance to reward our shareholders, preserve our balance sheet and invest in the future. As soon as market conditions warrant, consideration for an increase in our dividend payments will take place. Believe me, we’ll be doing this as quickly as possible and I hope this happens sooner rather than later.

Lastly, as we look into the fourth quarter, it is simply too early to make forecasts for 2026. Most supply chains are very tight and visibility is short term as it usually is this time of year. I believe in the fourth quarter that we will see typical seasonality, coupled with a higher-than-average destocking. Earlier this year, some companies bought into the idea that Europe was somehow rebounding and demand was picking up. This has clearly not been the case. We may see conditions in the fourth quarter, especially in Europe, where prices drop as companies cut — push to cut inventories and manage working capital.

During the fourth quarter, we will continue to prioritize cash over EBITDA, especially in our Performance Products division. Our objective is to finish this year with inventories that allow us to produce to meet demand. As we end the third consecutive year of challenging markets in all 3 regions of Asia, North America and Europe, I believe that we’re taking the tough steps today to assure our future is one where we are able to recover quickly as market conditions allow us to do so. We will continue to explore every means and structure possible aside from simply waiting and doing nothing.

Michael Harrison
Seaport Research Partners

Just wanted to ask about the cash flow and the inventory reduction actions that you took during Q3. It sounds like your expectation is there’s still some further inventory reduction that will happen in Q4 as you continue to focus on cash generation. My question is, though, what do these inventory reduction actions mean for your utilization rates, particularly in Q3, where you’re running a little bit slower? And will that continue into Q4? I guess my question is, are you running slower now so that you can run harder potentially in the first and second quarter of next year?

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

We look at that on a — literally on a product-by-product and division-by-division basis. So if you think where we’ll be in the first quarter, we’re typically starting to build inventories as you go into the second quarter, which is typically the beginning of your construction, housing seasons. Obviously, that’s weather related and it’s also demand related as people are looking to relocate into the summer months. And so you see a lot of buying activity pick up at the time. So typically, across the entire company, you will see inventories rise during that first quarter going into the second quarter in preparation of demand. Now if the demand doesn’t necessarily build and I think 2025 was a good example of that, we really saw a very muted construction market, particularly in North America versus expectations.

And you then see that partway through the second quarter, you’ve got too much inventory. Some of our products such as your MDI materials, not — this doesn’t apply to every single grade of product we produce but to the more commoditized materials in MDI polymeric and so forth, you can typically reduce that inventory by selling it into other markets, into other applications, even into export markets and so forth. I’m not going to say that’s easy and I’m not going to say you can do that fairly quickly but you typically can take care of your inventories through proper management usually within 1 quarter or 2. Other products like your Performance Products, where you’re producing amines that are going into catalysts, you’re producing maleic anhydride that goes into unsaturated polyester resin, you’ve built up your inventory early in the year. And sometimes it will take you longer to reduce those inventories, fewer customers, fewer outlets and so forth to get rid of that inventory. And so you typically — that will happen through the third and in our case with Performance Products through the fourth quarter.

Now you’ve got a decision to make, you asked a very good question that do you reduce your production rates, thereby lowering your inventory so that you can meet production demand as you get into early 2026. I believe that we have an opportunity to see a modest recovery starting in 2026 but I’m not willing to bet our inventories on it. So let’s go into 2026 with our inventories, I would say, lower than average, where we can calibrate our production to the actual demand as we see the demand. I think probably by and large, I can’t speak for our competitors but probably as an industry after 2025 and the muted market — the muted recovery that we saw in early 2025, the beginning of the construction season, I think that people will probably be cautious going into 2026. And therefore, I think that’s why you’re seeing a lot of companies right now focus on the working capital, focus on inventory reduction and perhaps putting their free cash flow and cash generation ahead of EBITDA.

In the case of our MDI business, I believe our inventory levels, while not perfect, I believe that they are in the area where we want them. Performance Products, I believe they’ll be there by the end of the year. And barring any huge change in demand one way or the other — and so yes, in the fourth quarter, I think that as we look at Performance Products, in particular, I’m not very encouraged when I look at the EBITDA outlook for the fourth quarter but I do look at it as somewhat of a one-off because we are going to sacrifice some EBITDA to get rid of what I think is the last of that inventory. Sorry, that was a very long-winded answer but a very good question.

John Ezekiel Roberts
Mizuho Securities USA LLC, Research Division

Do you think the increased U.S. MDI imports from Europe is a structural change and that’s here to stay?

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

I hope not. I can’t imagine that it makes any economic sense but I’m just speaking of looking at our economics and is that a good deployment of capital. But John, you bring up a very good point. As we look at the U.S. market of around 1,200 kilotons, you’ve got roughly 75,000 kilotons coming in from Europe. You’ve got roughly another 150,000 kilotons that will be coming on this next year. And I would remind you that it’s usually not when the kilotons come into the market when you feel the impact of it, it’s usually the year before, right? When people are out premarketing, preselling, pre — cutting the market to try to find a place for all of that inventory as it comes in. And you still have a lot of Asian material that’s going to Canada and Latin America that is displacing U.S. exports from the United States producers that are typically exporting to Canada in those markets as well.

So I think that it’s — there’s going to be moments of opportunism where people maybe have too much inventory, can’t move it in Europe and so forth. But fundamentally, the economics of moving from a higher cost region, paying tariffs, taxes, transportation, logistics, working capital tie-ups and so forth into another market. I’m not sure that’s a good long-term decision but that’s not my decision to make. What is for Huntsman. We don’t do that.

leksey Yefremov
KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Research Division

Peter, can you just maybe overall describe the U.S. MDI market? You just made some comments but what about demand side, overall U.S. MDI inventories and how customers are sort of reacting to the tariffs and change in that imports picture? Are your conversations with customers changing at all?

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

No, not a great deal. I think that there may have been a lot of hyperbole and so forth that went into the tariffs that you somehow were going to foresee or see these great changes and so forth. But like I said, the U.S. is a 1,200-ton market. And if you look at the amount of tonnage that is being added on in the next 12 months, kind of 150,000 KTS from 1 producer, predominantly another European producer bringing this last year about 75,000 metric tons. You look at the amount of product that was exported to Latin America and Canada that now is kind of set back into the U.S. And you can kind of see where you kind of take last year’s fourth quarter, this year’s first quarter was something like 100 kilotons that came in from China. And you more than offset that, right, with new additions and imports coming in from Europe.

So I’m not sure that there’s really a big net change in production. I’m not going to say that it has no impact. I’m sure it does on those particularly having to pay [ 513% ] antidumping tariffs. But it’s — for us, we’ve seen this last year year-over-year about a 6% growth in MDI. That’s something that we gradually over the last 12 months have gotten back — largely gotten back market share that, frankly, we lost and we probably took too aggressive of a price stand and trying to keep prices stable or even rising in a market that sorely needs it. So I — for us, it continues to be a sluggish market. And I think overall, there’ll be pockets of it, of growth within MDI U.S. But until housing fundamentally, until housing recovers, I don’t think you’re going to see the sort of demand that we’ve seen historically.

Michael Sison
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division

So for MDI, the fourth quarter polyurethanes, the decline in EBITDA was a little bit more than I thought. But where do you think industry operating rates are going to sort of settle down in the fourth quarter? And then given the cost savings that you’re generating for the segment, is there a lower operating rate you can get to, to kind of restore some of the earnings power for this segment?

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

Well, I — again, there’s not a whole lot of information as to where the industry is running. I would say that the industry — it looks like it’s — the demand versus production is somewhere probably in the low 80s. And I’d say that’s probably across all 3 regions, when I say all 3 regions, the U.S., Europe and China. That doesn’t mean that everybody is running at 80%. You’ve got some that are running full out and somehow the notion that the more we sell, the more we make and others that are trying to calibrate more around demand. And others, I mean, it just vary company by company. So I wouldn’t want to represent what competitors are doing when I say that the operating rates are in the low 80s. But I believe that’s where we are as an industry.

You are going to see improvements in polyurethanes by the cost-saving initiatives. There’s no doubt about it. But the singularly best thing that can happen to polyethylene is — polyurethanes is to get prices up and demand needs to return. We simply are not going to cut our way back to normalized margins in this business without a fundamental change in the market. And that could come from an improvement in the demand structure. It can come from consolidation in the market. There’s still small uncompetitive facilities, I believe, that operate in this industry that typically would shut down when market conditions get to this point, which may or may not happen. And so as you look at what it’s going to take to turn urethanes back to a more normalized basis, it’s going to take more than just cost cutting. But that — right now, that’s what we can control and that’s where a large percentage of our time and focus is.

Jeffrey Zekauskas
JPMorgan Chase & Co, Research Division

In the old days, you used to talk about polymeric MDI and monomeric MDI and MDI that was a little bit more specialized and there being a margin differential between the 2. What’s happened to that margin differential between the 2 and why?

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

I think that when we look at the market 10 years ago, 5, 10 years ago, I think it probably was more of a bifurcated categorization. If something was coming out of a system house, if that was being formulated for a customer and so forth. I think that what we see today is more around, Jeff, a spectrum rather than an either/or. And I think that there still is a value-added component to our polyurethanes business. There’s still applications that are very exciting in automotive and home construction and insulation, applications that — where you’ll have in the automotive sector, you have some of our most commoditized products. You also have some of our higher-end materials. And so I would just say that they’re — what we’re seeing today, perhaps more so than in the past, is it — it’s not an either/or. It’s kind of all of the above. And it’s a spectrum rather than just a 2-sided belt.

Jeffrey Zekauskas
JPMorgan Chase & Co, Research Division

Okay. I guess everybody looks at the data a little differently. But I would have thought that China imported into the United States maybe 250,000 tons of MDI and that’s pretty much gone to 0. And so — and you talked about maybe 75,000 tons coming in from Europe and whatever capacity may come on is later. So shouldn’t conditions be ripe for the market to be a little bit tighter at the beginning of 2026?

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

Yes. I would say that if demand were picking up and if those were the factors going into it, Jeff, I definitely would agree with you. The simple fact of the matter is, the people that are bringing on 150,000 tons in 2026, which isn’t that far into the future, are out right now marketing that material. They’re out with prices and we’re seeing posture being taken, efforts to move that extra volume. So as I said earlier, it’s not when the volume is produced, it’s when you’re out 6 to 12 months in advance, trying to move that product. So that there is a home when you finally are able to start up the facility. Yes, the 75,000 tons coming in from Europe right now, I just personally as a — from — see as a producer, it doesn’t bring anything in from Europe. That’s kind of a surprise. I wouldn’t have anticipated people doing that but it’s happening.

And again, I think that we’re probably underestimating a little bit how much was exported to Canada and Latin America and how much of that’s been picked up by product that otherwise would be coming to the United States. It’s just merely going a little bit further north or a little bit further south. So yes, a lot of that is happening. And so I look at where we were kind of in the fourth and first quarter of 100,000 kilotons coming in from China. We’re basically down to — the third quarter was 10 kilotons coming from China. So we’re definitely seeing a large drop off but we’re also seeing a pickup in other areas.

Hassan Ahmed
Alembic Global Advisors

Look, a question around U.S. MDI volumes, specifically for you guys. I mean, of course, 2025 continues to be — has been and continues to be a pretty sort of weak demand-wise year. But leaving sort of broader macro demand aside, I mean, it certainly was an abnormal year in terms of trade flows out of and into the U.S. for MDI. And you yourself talked about maybe losing some share, being a little more sort of holding on to pricing and the like. Then, of course, back in Q2, you guys talked about how typically sequentially in Q2 there tends to be a 8% to 10% volume uptick in MDI and you guys only saw maybe like 3% or something. I’d like to think maybe that was, one was stuffing the channels. So where I’m going with this question is, let’s even assume the macro doesn’t change that much in 2026 but trade patterns do normalize, how much of a volume increment in U.S. MDI would you see on the back of that?

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

That’s a good question. A lot is going to depend on customer sentiment and pricing and where we can get the best value for our production. I’d remind you that in the third quarter, we were up 6% year-on-year and in North America, in the U.S. markets and up 4% on the rest, when you look at the entire division. So — and I wouldn’t say that, that was just one particular area. I think that, that was very strategic and surgical within areas where we can achieve the most value for our product. And so I think that we’re very much going to have the same posture in 2026. I think we want to be smart with our volumes but we will be aggressive in maintaining our volumes and getting prices through as quickly as possible. Beyond that, Hassan, in 2026, I just — I’ll just get in trouble if I try to forecast the particular performance of the division.

Hassan Ahmed
Alembic Global Advisors

That makes sense. That makes sense, Peter. And if I could sort of just talk about near-term U.S. pricing as well. Of course, you mentioned incremental capacity coming online in the U.S. market, which will be later in the year. But from the sounds of it, it seems trade normalizing, somewhat normalizing in the early part of next year, antidumping duties, tariffs and the like, I mean, there is at least potential for some pricing tailwinds in the U.S. in MDI. Is that, correct?

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

Yes. Hassan, I think you’re absolutely right. And we’re in a little bit of the old joke that when the bear starts to chase us, I just have to outrun you, I don’t have to outrun the bear. And so when I look at the polymeric MDI pricing today in the U.S., and again, I’m talking about polymer, this is the bottom end most commoditized. You’re seeing about a $200 a ton difference between U.S. and China. And you’re seeing another $200 difference between China and Europe. Now that’s not on an absolute basis. That’s going to be on average basis. But you are seeing some stability, more stability in the U.S. than you’re seeing in China and Europe.

And so I would just say that, again, I’m not saying I’m happy with where the margins are in the U.S. but pricing in the U.S. is holding up better than the other 2 regions. And when you look at our manufacturing costs, the U.S. and China, about $100 apart a ton from each other, China being lower. So yes, I think there’s opportunity. What we need, again, more than anything else is just demand. And I don’t think that we’ll really start to see that picture until the end of February, early part of March and we start to see the direction, that proverbial construction demand and homebuilding and seasonality, Chinese New Year’s will be over by then. And what do we see on a global basis that starts to take place at that time.

Salvator Tiano
BofA Securities, Research Division

We haven’t been hearing much about the spray foam business for the past few quarters. So I want to get kind of an update on how are things going there? Is it a business that’s EBITDA positive at this point? And when it comes both to that — to the spray foam business but also insulation demand, have you seen any change from the — I guess, in the summer when we replaced part of the IRA bill, I think there was one of the key credits that was canceled there has affected the spray foam demand?

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

Yes. I don’t think that we’ve seen any impact from the credit. We do with our spray foam business. It is a contributor to the business. It is up year-over-year. And we are the U.S. leader and we are — we do have a share gain that has taken place there. And so as we look at the markets, the markets are down but our business in the third quarter was up 7% from a year ago. And that’s a business that you just don’t necessarily go out and buy market share. You’ve got to have the service, you’ve got to have the quality, you’ve got to have the reliability, the consistency. And so I think it’s a series of factors but we’re seeing that business for us continues to gradually improve. And I give the management team there some very high marks.

David Begleiter
Deutsche Bank AG, Research Division

Peter, you mentioned that Chinese MDI imports into Europe have been pretty steady. Can you discuss the potential for more robust tariffs and/or duties in Europe? I believe there is an EU investigation into MDI imports into the region. So that would be helpful.

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

Yes. I don’t foresee the Europeans taking any real material action on that. If it’s anything like what they’ve done over the last couple of years, it’s not going to happen in my lifetime. But it’d be great to see them do something but I’m not counting on that happening.

David Begleiter
Deutsche Bank AG, Research Division

Sorry to hear that but so be it.

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

So am I.

David Begleiter
Deutsche Bank AG, Research Division

MDI, any change in your view of long-term MDI growth rates as we exit this downturn?

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

Sure. As you know, I think that as we look at the biggest drivers around MDI, it continues to be a product that displaces other materials. When you look at the large volume side of it, it’s going to continue to be construction and homebuilding and so forth. That’s going to be the principal driver. But by and large, this is going to be a business that is going to grow equal to the rate of GDP plus usually about another 0.5% or about half of GDP in product replacement. So I’d say it’s a business I would expect over the cycle to grow at about 1.5x the rate of GDP through — via economic growth and also product substitution and replacement.

Arun Viswanathan
RBC Capital Markets, Research Division

Great. And then just as a follow-up, is there anything else you need to do on the footprint? I mean, as you noted, we’ve gone through significant weakness here for a little while. So maybe is there any rationalization that you see that’s required at this point? Or is it mainly just kind of waiting for demand to kind of get better?

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

Well, I mean, we’re in the process right now of completing the 7 site closures that we’ve recently had and some 600 people that we’ve either let go or moved to lower cost positions such as in what we have operating in Poland or Costa Rica or Malaysia. So I — we’re always going to be looking as to where we can source our materials. And if that can be done cheaper, more reliably, more profitably through another third party or consolidated to another site, we’re going to — we’ll be looking at that continuously. All I’d say is, look, if we ever come into the office in the morning and say our work is done, there’s nothing else we can do with the company here, we’ve — we failed. So we’ll continue to look at those things.

Matthew Blair
Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co. Securities, LLC, Research Division

Sounds good. And then the fourth quarter polyurethanes guidance, does that reflect some benefits from cheaper benzene feedstock costs in the quarter? Or is there a lag that we should be thinking about?

Philip Lister
Executive VP & CFO

There’s a little bit of benefit, Matthew. I think the average for Q3 on benzene in the U.S. was $276 in the third quarter. It’s trading today at about $250. So it’s a little bit of benefit. In general, there’s a lag as we move it through cost of production on into cost of sales but you’ve got a little bit of a benefit there.

Operator

The next question is coming from Laurence Alexander of Jefferies.

Laurence Alexander
Jefferies LLC, Research Division

A couple of structural questions. How are you thinking about the potential impact for North America polyurethane demand from reshoring of appliance production? Have you seen enough announcements for that to be material? And if so, when? And then secondly, when you think about the new 5-year plan in China or at least the first drafts and the focus on shifting the chemical industry downstream, do you see that as a net positive or negative for Huntsman? And then I guess the third one, if I can just ask a third structural question is, given the outlook of probably several more years of volatility and kind of lack of clarity for the Western chemical industry, do you see a return at least on the corporate side of the fashion for conglomerates that we saw in the ’60s and ’70s, kind of similar turbulent period?

Peter Huntsman
Chairman, President & CEO

Yes, excellent question. I think on the first one on the appliances, we’re not seeing anything material and I don’t think we’ll see anything in ’26 of materiality that will be coming in. Traditionally, those have been pretty low volume — excuse me, low-margin applications. We have the expertise. We have the knowledge. We have the relationships. If there’s money to be made there, we’ll be there. But I don’t see that much business coming. As far as China going down to the downstream business, look, I think there might be some opportunity for us in some of these areas. We’re right now working with a lot of the Chinese producers — well, I shouldn’t say a lot, we’re working with some Chinese producers as to how we can source material in China rather than exporting it into China as their quality improves and so forth.

But just because you make the product, as we keep saying it again and again, just because you make the product and you even make it at a competitive price doesn’t mean that the product is qualified. So if somebody jumps into epoxy today, that doesn’t mean that they’re necessarily going to be getting Boeing’s business or Airbus’ business in aerospace next year or even in the next 5 years. So there is an issue around qualification. I would say, too, that as you look at what China describes as downstream, in some cases, that means ethylene going to polyethylene and that’s a downstream derivative.

I wouldn’t read too much of it that it’s a big rush into specialty chemicals. Specialty chemicals requires as much of the qualifying and the demand from the customer as it does from the manufacturer. So just because you make it, again, it doesn’t mean, necessarily mean that there’s a home to it. On the conglomerate front, that’s something that we’ve talked about internally quite a bit just to see as we start to think about companies coming together to be able to look at their cost structure, their supply chains and so forth. It’s a possibility that, that might see a resurgence for that and — but it’s yet to — we’re yet to come to any conclusions on that.

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